Open Accounting–Labor Data Linkage Hub · Sequence 01

Lightcast ↔ CRSP/Compustat Merged public-firm link history

A planned annual employer-to-public-firm linkage that connects job-posting company entities to time-varying accounting and market identifiers.

01 · Research design

Why this linkage is a measurement problem

Employer names in job-posting data do not map mechanically to public firms. Legal-name variation, historical identifiers, subsidiaries, acquisitions, and repeated common names can convert a seemingly simple join into measurement error. This resource is designed to make those linkage decisions inspectable rather than hiding them inside a final research file.

What version 0.1.0 specifies

Version 0.1.0 specifies a prospective measurement system: separate candidate and decision records, explicit firm-versus-security identity, temporal validity, confidence semantics, unresolved cases, and a benchmark that separates rule development from holdout evidence.

Intended uses after validation

  • Construct employer-level job-posting measures that can be joined to public-firm accounting variables.
  • Audit whether a finding is sensitive to high-confidence links, manual-review cases, or unresolved employers.
  • Study coverage and measurement differences across years, industries, firm size, and name ambiguity once released evidence supports those comparisons.
02 · Measurement object

Entities, decision unit, and output structure

The definitions below describe the intended analytical object. The scope statement is deliberately separated from released coverage so that a design target cannot be mistaken for an observed sample.

Source entities
Lightcast company entities represented by employer names and authorized matching features.
Target entities
Planned accepted target: a Compustat firm identity keyed by GVKEY. Time-valid CCM security links, including PERMNO where authorized, are retained in a separate downstream bridge rather than treated as the firm identity.
Decision unit
One Lightcast company entity × calendar year decision, with non-overlapping intra-year validity intervals only when a documented corporate event changes the accepted firm.
Candidate-audit row
One Lightcast company entity × calendar year × candidate GVKEY row, retaining all generated alternatives and their evidence components.
Accepted-release row
One accepted Lightcast entity × validity interval × GVKEY row; any CCM GVKEY–PERMNO link history remains a separate time-valid bridge.
Cardinality policy
At most one co-valid accepted GVKEY per source decision. Multiple accepted targets are permitted only across non-overlapping event intervals; many source entities may map to one GVKEY and are diagnosed rather than collapsed.
Target scope
Planned U.S. public-firm scope, annual versions, 2010–2025. This is a target scope, not a claim of released coverage.
03 · Disclosure boundary

What is public—and what remains restricted

The public contribution is the measurement design, reproducible reference logic, release metadata, and eventually benchmark-supported aggregate diagnostics. Possession of licensed records is not treated as redistribution authority.

Available in version 0.1.0

  • A public-safe methodology and field contract.
  • A generic TypeScript reference implementation using synthetic inputs.
  • A synthetic example with reserved identifiers and .example domains.
  • A machine-readable schema, release manifest, checksums, citation file, license, and changelog.
  • An explicit evidence register showing which validation objects are absent, private, or not yet measured.

Not redistributed

  • Row-level Lightcast or Revelio records.
  • Full private crosswalks or licensed source identifiers.
  • Private bucket locations, signed URLs, credentials, or internal absolute paths.
  • Unpublished research outcomes or coauthor-controlled records.
  • Quantitative reliability claims that are not supported by a released adjudication benchmark.
04 · Matching method

A staged, inspectable decision process

Candidate generation, scoring, acceptance, and adjudication are separate stages. The public implementation demonstrates mechanics with synthetic data; it does not reveal private thresholds or substitute model scores for labeled evidence.

  1. Normalize names without erasing economic identity

    Available

    Standardize Unicode, case, punctuation, spacing, common legal suffixes, and the ampersand token while retaining the normalized form and original name for audit.

  2. Generate candidates before scoring

    Available

    Use exact normalized names, authorized domains, token overlap, and blocking fields to create a reviewable candidate set. A missing candidate is distinct from a rejected candidate.

  3. Apply exact and deterministic rules

    Not released

    Accept only rules with explicit evidence, record the rule that fired, and preserve alternative candidates rather than retaining only the winner.

  4. Score fuzzy candidates transparently

    Available

    Decompose illustrative similarity into name, domain, geography, and temporal features. Missing geography or validity evidence receives no agreement credit, and a score never becomes a final decision. The demonstration weights are not production thresholds.

  5. Resolve corporate structure and time

    Not released

    Treat parent-versus-subsidiary links, mergers, name changes, and stale link intervals as substantive linkage decisions rather than cosmetic name cleaning.

  6. Adjudicate and evaluate out of sample

    Not yet measured

    Write accepted, rejected, unresolved, and no-candidate outcomes to a decision table separate from candidate rows; then evaluate a frozen holdout against predeclared intended-use criteria without retuning.

Acceptance principle

A link is not accepted solely because it increases coverage. Competing candidates, unresolved cases, and the reason for each decision remain part of the measurement record.

05 · Validation evidence

What has—and has not—been validated

Reliability labels require adjudicated evidence. This prototype reports no precision, recall, unresolved-rate, or temporal-consistency estimate because no released frozen holdout supports those numbers.

Inspect the shared benchmark protocol and evidence register.

Lightcast ↔ CCM public evidence register
Evidence objectPublic stateWhat the current release supports
Method and field contractAvailablePublic methodology, separate candidate/decision schema, synthetic examples, and a runnable tested package are included.
Production linkage rowsPrivateNo row-level licensed mapping is included in the website build.
Authoritative private source chainNot releasedCandidate private objects have been identified, but the canonical lineage has not been publicly established.
Adjudicated development setNot releasedNo public labeled case set or aggregate reconciliation has been verified.
Frozen holdoutNot releasedNo released holdout supports an out-of-sample reliability claim.
Precision and false-match rateNot yet measuredNo number is displayed because the required holdout evidence is absent from this release.
Candidate-generation recallNot yet measuredThe public package does not contain independently known production links.
06 · Error taxonomy

Where the linkage can fail

The relevant errors are not limited to spelling distance. Organizational level, time, duplicated source entities, common-name collisions, and missing candidate features can change the economic interpretation of a match.

Abbreviation and token lossNames

Short names or acronyms remove the tokens needed to distinguish firms.

Parent versus subsidiaryCorporate structure

The source employer and target company refer to different levels of the same corporate group.

Merger, acquisition, or spin-offCorporate structure

A relationship is valid only for part of the time series or changes organizational meaning.

Historical name changeTime

A valid name at one date becomes stale after a rename or reorganization.

Duplicate source entitiesCollisions

Multiple source records represent the same employer or business unit.

Common-name collisionCollisions

Several unrelated entities share a short or generic name.

Many-to-one concentrationCollisions

Multiple source entities map to one target and may represent either valid subsidiaries or over-collapsing.

One-to-many ambiguityCollisions

One source entity has several plausible targets without enough evidence for deterministic acceptance.

Geography or domain conflictSource coverage

Name similarity conflicts with location or website evidence.

Source missingnessSource coverage

A required blocking or validation field is unavailable, producing no candidate or lower-confidence review.

07 · Reproducibility

Reproduce the method with licensed inputs

The downloadable package uses generic adapters and synthetic examples. A researcher supplies independently licensed source data, maps fields to the public schema, runs the reference stages, and evaluates the resulting candidates against their own adjudication evidence.

Markdown

Methodology

Measurement scope, matching stages, evidence ceiling, validation gates, and disclosure boundary.

Download Methodology
Runnable npm package (.tgz)

Reference implementation

Self-contained TypeScript source, package metadata, tests, license, and synthetic inputs; extract it, run npm install, then npm test.

Download Reference implementation
Text

License

License for original public-safe code and artifacts only; source-dataset rights are excluded.

Download License
Markdown

Changelog

Version history and explicit statements of what each release does not contain.

Download Changelog

Citation

Yang, Hongye Chris. 2026. Open Accounting–Labor Data Linkage Hub: Public-Safe Entity-Linkage Methods and Validation Protocol, version 0.1.0.

Release history

Version 0.1.0 · Prototype method release

Version 0.1.0 publishes the method contract, evidence ceiling, synthetic implementation, and validation requirements. It does not release the private mapping.

Accepted limitations

  • The canonical private source chain and production schema are not public evidence in this release.
  • The public scoring example is pedagogical and must not be interpreted as the production model.
  • No benchmark-supported reliability, unresolved-rate, collision-rate, or coverage estimate is published.
  • The intended 2010–2025 scope remains a design target until a versioned release manifest establishes actual coverage.